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从诊疗康复到救治保障 我国多举措守护劳动者职业健康_我的网站

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    The USS Gerald R. Ford departs from Souda Naval Base near Chania on the island of Crete, Greece, on February 26, 2026. Photo: VCGUS President Donald Trump's reported push to reshape the US Navy's next-generation aircraft carriers - from moving the island to abandoning electromagnetic catapults in favor of steam-powered systems - could impose heavy engineering, financial and schedule costs, Chinese military affairs experts said, warning of a widening gap between political preferences and the realities of building some of the world's most complex warships.
The Washington Post reported on Saturday that the US Navy is considering a major redesign of its new Ford-class aircraft carriers to better match Trump's preferred aesthetic, with the president favoring ships that more closely resemble US carriers from the World War II era. One option under study would move the carrier's island farther forward, toward the middle of the ship.
US officials cited by the report warned that such a change could require billions of dollars in redesign costs and cause substantial delays. 
The potential island redesign comes only days after Trump ordered another far-reaching change to the Ford-class program. On Thursday, he signed a national security memorandum directing the Pentagon and Navy to develop a plan within 60 days to replace the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) with steam catapults and the Ford-class carriers' Advanced Weapons Elevators with hydraulic systems, beginning with the future USS Doris Miller, or CVN-81, USNI News reported. 
Trump has repeatedly criticized EMALS as "too complex" and "not as effective as steam catapults," according to Reuters. 
But the order would reverse a technology path the US Navy has pursued for more than a decade. When the Navy selected EMALS in 2009, it said the system would lower overall lifecycle costs, require less maintenance than steam catapults and place less physical stress on carrier-based aircraft, per Reuters.
As of March 2026, the USS Gerald R. Ford had conducted 36,863 EMALS launches, according to Pentagon documents cited by Reuters. 
General Atomics, the manufacturer of EMALS, has warned against changing course on the Doris Miller, saying nearly 50 percent of production related to the system has already been completed and that a switch now would create significant cost, schedule and integration risks, according to Reuters. 
Zhang Junshe, a Chinese military affairs expert, told the Global Times on Sunday that the Ford-class carrier's aft-positioned island is not merely an aesthetic choice, but is closely tied to flight-deck efficiency and landing safety. "Moving the island farther aft creates more space around the catapults for aircraft parking and handling, helping shorten launch preparation time, while also reducing airflow disturbance during aircraft recovery," he said. 
Relocating the island forward would not be a simple cosmetic adjustment, but a major redesign affecting weight distribution, buoyancy, flight-deck layout and aerodynamics, with significant implications for both cost and schedule, Zhang noted.
Song Zhongping, another Chinese military affairs expert, told the Global Times that Trump's demand is one thing, but turning it into an actual warship design is another.
"The first four Ford-class carriers have either entered service or are already in different stages of construction, leaving very little room for fundamental changes to their overall designs," Song said. Even the fifth and sixth ships - the future USS William J. Clinton, CVN-82, and USS George W. Bush, CVN-83 - would face considerable cost and engineering consequences if the Navy attempts to overturn their established technological architecture, he said.
The US Navy officially announced the names of CVN-82 and CVN-83 in January 2025, per the US Navy official website. 
"There is an obvious gap between US President's political will and the engineering realities of aircraft-carrier construction," Song said.
Such proposed changes come as Ford-class construction timelines have already grown considerably compared with those of the preceding Nimitz class. The US Congressional Budget Office (CBO) said in April that Nimitz-class carriers typically took seven to eight years to build, while Ford-class ships are currently taking roughly 10 to 11 years. In a separate assessment released this month, the CBO estimated that future Ford-class carriers under the Navy's 2027 shipbuilding plan could cost about $22 billion apiece. 
"Electromagnetic launch represents an advanced direction in aircraft-carrier catapult technology and has far greater development potential than traditional steam catapults," Song said. "If the US gives up electromagnetic catapults and returns to steam catapults, that would be a technological regression and a step backward."
Echoing Song, Zhang said electromagnetic catapults offer more precise control of launch energy and broader compatibility with different types of carrier-based aircraft, while requiring less shipboard space than steam systems with their extensive high-pressure piping.
"Replacing EMALS with steam catapults on a Ford-class carrier already designed around electromagnetic launch would not only represent a technological step backward, but could also turn an attempt to reduce risk into a new source of engineering and system-integration risk," Zhang said.
。    2024年4月25日至5月1日，第22个职业病防治法宣传周，主题是“坚持预防为主，守护职业健康”。从开展职业病危害专项治理到加强重点职业病监测，从兼顾传统职业病和新型职业病防控到积极构建职业病诊疗康复体系……为更好保障劳动者健康权益，我国一直在行动。新华社图表，北京，2023年12月22日　　开展职业病危害专项治理　　从事采煤作业20多年的杨先生，多年前被鉴定为职业性煤工尘肺三期，曾因该病数次入院救治。我国现行的《职业病分类和目录》将职业病分为10类132种，尘肺病只是其中一种。　　职业病防治法第二条指出，“本法所称职业病，是指企业、事业单位和个体经济组织等用人单位的劳动者在职业活动中，因接触粉尘、放射性物质和其他有毒、有害因素而引起的疾病。”　　“法律所规范的职业病显然更具严重性，与目前健康中国战略所提出的大健康理念并不完全匹配。

二 | ”武汉大学法学院副院长武亦文教授表示，应树立职业健康意识，适当扩大职业病范围，增加对劳动者权益维护。　　职业病防治工作事关广大劳动者健康福祉，开展职业病危害专项治理是从源头上控制和预防职业病发生的根本举措。　　“十四五”期间，国家卫生健康委聚焦部分职业场所危害因素超标问题，在全国组织开展了以粉尘、化学毒物、噪声危害超标岗位治理为重点的职业病危害专项治理工作。　　截至2023年底，全国纳入专项治理企业18.5万家，已经完成了7.5万家；用人单位工作场所职业病危害因素检测率、职业病危害项目申报率等指标均有所提升；煤尘、矽尘监测岗位超标率持续下降……　　国家卫生健康委数据显示，近年来，全国新发职业病确诊病例呈下降趋势，2022年全国报告新发职业病病例数比2019年下降了40%。　　国家卫生健康委职业健康司副司长、一级巡视员王建冬表示，下一步将持续开展职业病危害专项治理，深入推动职业健康保护行动，以更加有力的措施保护好劳动者的职业健康。　　兼顾传统职业病和新型职业病防控　　《国家职业病防治规划（2021-2025年）》对新时代职业健康水平提出更高要求——　　到2025年，职业健康治理体系更加完善，职业病危害状况明显好转，工作场所劳动条件显著改善，劳动用工和劳动工时管理进一步规范，尘肺病等重点职业病得到有效控制，职业健康服务能力和保障水平不断提升……　　除了尘肺病等传统职业病防控仍面临较大挑战外，不良作业方式、工作压力等相关的新型职业健康危害因素也不断增多，职业健康正面临新课题。记者采访了解到，针对新型职业健康危害，各级卫生健康主管部门和职业病防治机构持续加强研究、识别和评价，通过科普宣传、预防控制等综合措施应对经济发展中产生的职业健康新问题。　　近年来，国家卫生健康委编制了工作相关疾病职业人群心理健康促进指南，医务人员、核电站工作人员、消防救援人员等重点人群职业健康保护指南，开展重点人群职业健康素养监测和干预，推进职业健康知识进机构、进企业、进学校、进乡村、进社区。

三 | 　　王建冬表示，推进职业健康保护行动是一项长期系统工程，涉及政府有关部门、用人单位和劳动者个人三方，需要社会各界的共同努力才能有效应对传统职业病和新型职业健康危害因素带来的双重挑战。　　织密职业病救治保障网　　数据显示，全国现有职业病诊断机构620家、职业健康检查机构5670家、尘肺病康复站829家，基本形成了“地市诊断、县区体检、乡镇康复”的职业病诊疗康复体系。

四 | 　　如何保障职业病病人健康权益？　　职业病诊断、鉴定费用由用人单位承担；职业病病人除依法享有工伤保险外，有权向用人单位提出民事赔偿请求……武亦文介绍，职业病防治法有一套完整的权利保护体系，助力解决职业病患者诊断、鉴定、治疗中的“后顾之忧”。　　为进一步守护劳动者健康，我国采取有力措施开展职业病救治保障工作。《国家职业病防治规划（2021-2025年）》提出，将尘肺病等职业病严重的重点行业职工依法纳入工伤保险保障范围，将符合条件的职业病患者家庭及时纳入最低生活保障范围；《国务院关于实施健康中国行动的意见》提出，实施职业健康保护行动，完善职业病防治法规标准体系，加强尘肺病等职业病救治保障……　　一些地方积极响应，拿出暖心实招，比如湖南2017年以来建立农民工尘肺病基本医疗救治救助政策，大幅减轻患者医疗费用负担；福建、贵州等地将尘肺病纳入当地门诊慢特病病种报销范围，有效减轻尘肺病患者门诊用药负担。　　国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心主任樊晶光呼吁，劳动者无论是在工作还是生活中，都要保持良好的心理状态，多与家人、朋友、同事交流，相互提供情感支持和安慰，缓解压力和焦虑。当感觉出现焦虑抑郁症状时，可通过工会组织或心理服务热线等获得心理支持和干预服务。（记者李恒、董瑞丰、顾天成、徐鹏航）。

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